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Bài thuyết trình môn Phân tích & thiết kế hệ thống - Đề tài: Agile Modeling and Prototyping

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Agile Modeling and  
Prototyping  
6
NHÓ M 4  
Systems Analysis and Design, 7e  
Kendall & Kendall  
© 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall  
Learning Objectives  
• Understand the roots of agile modeling in prototyping  
and the four main types of prototyping  
• Be able to use prototyping for human information  
requirements gathering  
• Understand the concept of RAD for use in human  
information requirements gathering and interface  
design  
• Understand agile modeling and the core practices that  
differentiate it from other development methodologies  
• Learn the importance of values critical to agile modeling  
• Understand how to improve efficiency for users who are  
knowledge workers using either structured methods or  
agile modeling  
Kendall & Kendall  
6-2  
Agile Modeling, but First  
Prototyping  
• Agile modeling is a collection of  
innovative, user-centered approaches to  
systems development  
• Prototyping is an information-gathering  
technique useful in seeking user  
reactions, suggestions, innovations, and  
revision plans  
Kendall & Kendall  
6-3  
Major Topics  
• Prototyping  
• Rapid application development (RAD)  
• Agile Modeling  
Kendall & Kendall  
6-4  
Prototyping  
• Patched-up  
• Nonoperational  
• First-of-a-series  
• Selected features  
Kendall & Kendall  
6-5  
Patched-Up Prototype  
• A system that works but is patched up  
or patched together  
• A working model that has all the  
features but is inefficient  
• Users can interact with the system  
• Retrieval and storage of information  
may be inefficient  
Kendall & Kendall  
6-6  
Nonoperational Scale Models  
• A nonworking scale mode that is set up to  
test certain aspects of the design  
• A nonworking scale model of an information  
system might be produced when the coding  
required by the application is too expensive  
to prototype but when a useful idea of the  
system can be gained through prototyping of  
the input and output only  
Kendall & Kendall  
6-7  
First-of-a-Series Prototype  
• Creating a pilot  
• Prototype is completely operational  
• Useful when many installations of the same  
information system are planned  
• A full-scale prototype is installed in one or  
two locations first, and if successful,  
duplicates are installed at all locations based  
on customer usage patterns and other key  
factors  
Kendall & Kendall  
6-8  
Selected Features Prototype  
• Building an operational model that  
includes some, but not all, of the  
features that the final system will have  
• Some, but not all, essential features are  
included  
• Built in modules  
• Part of the actual system  
Kendall & Kendall  
6-9  
Figure 6.1 Four kinds of prototypes  
(clockwise, starting from the upper left)  
Kendall & Kendall  
6-10  
Prototyping as an Alternative  
to the Systems Life Cycle  
• Two main problems with the SDLC  
• Extended time required to go through the  
development life cycle  
• User requirements change over time  
• Rather than using prototyping to  
replace the SDLC use prototyping as a  
part of the SDLC  
Kendall & Kendall  
6-11  
Guidelines for Developing a  
Prototype  
• Work in manageable modules  
• Build the prototype rapidly  
• Modify the prototype in successive  
iterations  
• Stress the user interface  
Kendall & Kendall  
6-12  
Disadvantages of Prototyping  
• It can be difficult to manage  
prototyping as a project in the larger  
systems effort  
• Users and analysts may adopt a  
prototype as a completed system  
Kendall & Kendall  
6-13  
Advantages of Prototyping  
• Potential for changing the system early  
in its development  
• Opportunity to stop development on a  
system that is not working  
• Possibility of developing a system that  
more closely addresses users’ needs  
and expectations  
Kendall & Kendall  
6-14  
Prototyping Using COTS Software  
• Sometimes the quickest way to  
prototype is through the modular  
installation of COTS software  
• Some COTS software is elaborate and  
expensive, but highly useful  
Kendall & Kendall  
6-15  
Users’ Role in Prototyping  
• Honest involvement  
• Experimenting with the prototype  
• Giving open reactions to the prototype  
• Suggesting additions to or deletions from  
the prototype  
Kendall & Kendall  
6-16  
RAD (Rapid Application  
Development)  
• An object-oriented approach to systems  
development that includes a method of  
development as well as software tools  
Kendall & Kendall  
6-17  
RAD Phases  
• Requirements planning  
• RAD design workshop  
• Implementation  
Kendall & Kendall  
6-18  
Figure 6.4 The RAD design workshop is the  
heart of the interactive development process  
Kendall & Kendall  
6-19  
Requirements Planning Phase  
• Users and analysts meet to identify  
objectives of the application or system  
• Orientation is toward solving business  
problems  
Kendall & Kendall  
6-20  
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