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Bài giảng Green energy course syllabus - Chapter 3: Wind power systems - Nguyễn Hữu Phúc

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Green Energy Course-  
Renewable Energy Systems  
Biên sọan: Nguyễn Hữu Phúc  
Khoa Điện- Điện Tử- Đại Học Bách Khoa TPHCM  
Wind Power Systems  
Photos taken near Moraine View State Park, IL  
Historical Development of Wind Power  
• The first known wind turbine for producing  
electricity was by Charles F. Brush turbine, in  
Cleveland, Ohio in 1888  
• 12 kW  
• Used electricity  
to charge  
batteries in the  
cellar of the  
owner’s mansion  
Note the  
person  
http://www.windpower.org/en/pictures/brush.htm  
Historical Development of Wind Power  
• First wind turbine outside of the US to generate electricity was  
built by Poul la Cour in 1891 in Denmark  
• Used electricity from  
his wind turbines to  
electrolyze water to  
make hydrogen for  
the gas lights at the  
schoolhouse  
http://www.windpower.org/en/pictures/lacour.htm  
Historical Development of Wind Power  
• In the US - first wind-electric systems built in the late  
1890’s  
• By 1930s and 1940s, hundreds of thousands were in use  
in rural areas not yet served by the grid  
• Interest in wind power declined as the utility grid  
expanded and as reliable, inexpensive electricity could  
be purchased  
• Oil crisis in 1970s created a renewed interest in wind  
until US government stopped giving tax credits  
• Renewed interest again since the 1990s  
Global Installed Wind Capacity  
Global Wind Energy Council  
http://www.gwec.net/fileadmin/documents/PressReleases/PR_stats_annex_table_2nd_feb  
_final_final.pdf  
Annual Installed Wind Capacity  
Global Wind Energy Council  
http://www.gwec.net/fileadmin/documents/PressReleases/PR_stats_annex_table_2nd_feb  
_final_final.pdf  
Growth in US Wind Power Capacity  
With new installations of about 4000 MW in First Half 2009  
Historical Change in Wind Economics,  
Constant 2005 Dollars  
Source: National Renewable  
Energy Lab (NREL), Energy  
Analysis Office  
Top 10 Countries - Installed Wind Capacity  
(as of the end of 2008)  
Country  
US  
MW Capacity  
25,170 MW  
23,903 MW  
16,754 MW  
12,210 MW  
9,645 MW  
3,736 MW  
3,404 MW  
3,241 MW  
3,180 MW  
2,862 MW  
104,104 MW  
% of Global Capacity  
20.8%  
19.8%  
13.9%  
10.1%  
8.0%  
Germany  
Spain  
China  
India  
Italy  
3.1%  
France  
UK  
2.8%  
2.7%  
Denmark  
Portugal  
Total top 10  
2.6%  
2.4%  
86.2%  
Global Wind Energy Council  
http://www.gwec.net/fileadmin/documents/PressReleases/PR_stats_annex_table_2nd_feb  
_final_final.pdf  
US Wind Resources  
http://www.windpoweringamerica.gov/pdfs/wind_maps/us_windmap.pdf  
http://www.windpower.org/en/pictures/lacour.htm  
Wind Resource Atlas of SouthEast Asia  
Wind Resource Atlas of SouthEast Asia  
Vietnam is really going green  
• First windmills of 2, 0  
MW/unit already  
installed along Natonal  
Highway 1 A in Tuy  
Phong District- Binh  
Thuan Province  
=> Demand for Green  
Power is a must in  
Vietnam in the near  
future.  
=> Training and  
Researches in the field  
of Green Energy related  
to electric power really  
attract undergraduate  
and graduate students.  
Worldwide Wind Resource Map  
Source: www.ceoe.udel.edu/WindPower/ResourceMap/index-world.html  
Types of Wind Turbines  
• “Windmill”- used to grind grain into flour  
• Many different names - “wind-driven  
generator”, “wind generator”, “wind turbine”,  
“wind-turbine generator (WTG)”, “wind energy  
conversion system (WECS)”  
• Can have be horizontal axis wind turbines  
(HAWT) or vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT)  
• Groups of wind turbines are located in what is  
called either a “wind farm” or a “wind park”  
Horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWT) are either upwind machines (a) or downwind  
machines (b). Vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT) accept the wind from any direction (c).  
Vertical Axis Wind Turbines  
• Darrieus rotor - the only vertical axis machine with any  
commercial success  
• Wind hitting the vertical blades, called aerofoils, generates  
lift to create rotation  
• No yaw (rotation about vertical axis)  
control needed to keep them facing  
into the wind  
• Heavy machinery in the nacelle is  
located on the ground  
• Blades are closer to ground where  
http://www.reuk.co.uk/Darrieus-Wind-Turbines.htm  
http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Darrieus_wind_turbine  
windspeeds are lower  
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines  
• “Downwind” HAWT – a turbine with the  
blades behind (downwind from) the tower  
• No yaw control needed- they naturally orient  
themselves in line with the wind  
• Shadowing effect – when a blade swings  
behind the tower, the wind it encounters is  
briefly reduced and the blade flexes  
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines  
• “Upwind” HAWT – blades are in front of  
(upwind of) the tower  
• Most modern wind turbines are this type  
• Blades are “upwind” of the tower  
• Require somewhat complex yaw control to keep  
them facing into the wind  
• Operate more smoothly and deliver more  
power  
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