Bài giảng Mạng máy tính nâng cao - Chương 6: Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) - Lê Ngọc Sơn
Outline
qNetworking Basics
qIntroduction to IPv6
qIPv6 Header Format
qIPv6 Addressing Model
qICMPv6
qNeighbor Discovery
qTransition from IPv4 to IPv6
qIPv6 vs. IPv4
Basics: OSI 7-Layer
Basics: TCP/IPv4 Protocol Suite
Internet Protocol (IP)
qFeatures:
§ Layer 3 (Network layer)
§ Unreliable, Connectionless, Datagram
§ Best-effort delivery
qPopular version: IPv4
qMajor functions
§ Global addressing
§ Datagram lifetime
§ Fragmentation & Reassembly
IPv4 Header
IPv4 companion protocols (1)
qARP: Address Resolution Protocol
§ Mapping from IP address to MAC address
qICMP: Internet Control Message Protocol
§ Error reporting & Query
qIGMP: Internet Group Management Protocol
§ Multicast member join/leave
qUnicast Routing Protocols (Intra-AS)
§ Maintaining Unicast Routing Table
§ E.g. RIP, OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)
IPv4 companion protocols (2)
qMulticast Routing Protocols
§ Maintaining Multicast Routing Table
§ E.g. DVMRP, MOSPF, CBT, PIM
qExterior Routing Protocols (Inter-AS)
§ E.g. BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)
qQuality-of-Service Frameworks
§ Integrated Service (ISA, IntServ)
§ Differentiated Service (DiffServ)
Why IPv6?
qDeficiency of IPv4
qAddress space exhaustion
qNew types of service à Integration
§ Multicast
§ Quality of Service
§ Security
§ Mobility (MIPv6)
qHeader and format limitations
Advantages of IPv6 over IPv4
qLarger address space
qBetter header format
qNew options
qAllowance for extension
qSupport for resource allocation
qSupport for more security
qSupport for mobility
Header: from IPv4 to IPv6
Changed
Removed
IPv6 Header Format
IPv6 Packet (PDU) Structure
Traffic Class
qThe 8-bit field in the IPv6 header is available for
use by originating nodes and/or forwarding
routers to identify and distinguish between
different classes or priorities of IPv6 packets.
§ E.g., used as the codepoint in DiffServ
qGeneral requirements
§ Service interface must provide means for upper-layer
protocol to supply the value of traffic class
§ Value of traffic class can be changed by source,
forwarder, receiver
§ An upper-layer protocol should not assume the value
of traffic class in a packet has not been changed.
IPv6 Flow Label
qRelated sequence of packets
qNeeding special handling
qIdentified by src & dest addr + flow label
qRouter treats flow as sharing attributes
§ E.g. path, resource allocation, discard requirements,
accounting, security
qMay treat flows differently
§ Buffer sizes, different forwarding precedence,
different quality of service
qAlternative to including all info. in every header
Payload Length
q16-bit unsigned integer. Length of the IPv6
payload, i.e., the rest of the packet following this
IPv6 header, in octets.
qNote that any extension headers present are
considered part of the payload, i.e., included in
the length count.
Extension Header Order
Order
Header Type
Next Header Code
1
Basic IPv6 Header
2
4
5
6
7
8
9
Hop-by-Hop Options
Routing header
0
43
Fragment header
44
Authentication header
Encapsulation Security Payload header
Destination Options
51
50
60
Mobility header
135
59
No Next header (Null)
Upper layer: TCP, UDP, ICMP
6, 17, 58
Hop-by-Hop Options
qMust be examined by every router
§ Specifies discard/forward handling
qOptions
§ Pad1
§ PadN
§ Jumbo payload
§ Router alert (can be used for RSVP)
Routing Header
qList of one or more intermediate nodes to visit
qHeader includes
§ Next Header
§ Header extension length
§ Routing type (e.g. type 0 = Source Routing)
§ Segments left
Source Routing Example
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