Bài giảng Green energy course syllabus - Chapter 7: Smart grid project

Green Energy Course-

Renewable Energy Systems

Biên sọan: Nguyễn Hữu Phúc

Khoa Điện- Điện Tử- Đại Học Bách Khoa TPHCM

Introduction:

Smart Grid project

Aug, 2010

Tokyo Electric Power Services Co., LTD

(TEPSCO)

2

Contents

1. Overview of Smart Grid

1.1 Overview

1.2 Current activity of oversea countries

2. Introduction of Smart Grid Components

2.1 Distribution Automation system (DAS)

including Auto Meter Reading (AMR)

2.2 Distribution loss reduction by DAS and AMR

2.3 Peak Cut by Demand Response (DR)

2.4 Solar Power as renewable energy

3. Proposal for next step

3

1. Overview of Smart Grid

4

Overview of Smart Grid

Explanatory notes:

Transmission line

Distribution line

Communication line for Transmission

Communication line for Distribution

SCADA

Pumped-storage

Wind Power (large scale)

Nuclear Power

Thermal Power

Transmission network

Solar Power (large scale)

Hydro Power

Network Connection of Renewable Energy

Substation

Battery

Wind Power (small scale)

Solar

Distribution office

Distribution Automatic System (DAS)

Automatic

LBS

Distribution Network

Solar

Power Conditioner

Battery

AMR for

Apartment building

Monitoring of

Voltage

Smart Meter

Battery by EV

Auto Meter Reading

(AMR)

AMR for house

5

1.1 Overview

Definition of Smart Grid

Electric Power network that utilizes two-way communication and control

technologies, distributed computing and associated sensors, including

equipment installed on the premises of network users*.

* including power generation companies and consumers

Note: Smart grid are intended to increase the quality of the electricity supply by

providing functions such as:

-Network automation

-Power quality management

-Distributed generation management

-Demand response

-Smart metering

-Preventive maintenance

-Outage Management

-Energy storage management

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1.1 Overview

Effects and advantages by smart grid projects

• Effective Power supply → Reduce construction of Power Generators

- improvement of distribution losses by DAS and AMR

- peak-cut by DR

- Application of renewable energy (Solar, Wind, Fuel cell etc)

• Improvement of reliability for Distribution network

- reduction of outage duration by DAS

• Up-grading of ICT technology for Local engineers

Problem by connecting renewable power to Distribution network:

-Balance between supply and demand under weather condition

-Rising voltage on end of Distribution network

-Dangerous maintenance works by connection renewable power

Energy management by using communication network of DAS and AMR

In future, this communication network can be useful for HA (Home Automation and

Electric Vehicle (EV) as battery.

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1.1 Overview

Project components for Smart Grid

Smart Grid consists of the following Technologies / Components .

Experience

High technology of Development

Projects

Japan

(Completion)

DAS

◎

AMR (Auto Meter Reading)

DR (Demand Response)

◎

○

Renewable energy（Solar、

Wind、Fuel Cell etc）

○

Battery（Lithium-ion、）

△

◎

△

HA

△

○

△

EV (as battery)

Communication network of DAS can be used for backbone network of smart grid.

Communication network of AMR can be used for last one-mile network of smart grid.

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1.1 Overview

Concept of DAS

< Concept of DAS >

DAS Control Centre

OH

equipment

Fiber Optic

RTU

Fiber Optic

Substation

UG equipment

(Kiosk/Distributor)

9

1.1 Overview

Concept of AMR

< Concept of AMR >

2^ndside of DT

Smart Meter

PT

CT

ZigBee

WHM

Customer

Back bone network

Control center for

AMR (DAS)

Communication

network of DAS

(Fiber Optic)

ZigBee for last

one mile

communication

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1.1 Overview

System Configuration of Smart Grid projects

SCADA

Energy management

Data link

Energy

management

Wind Power

Mega Solar

DAS

DSM

AMR

FEP

Backbone network

Battery

SVR

（Fiber optic）

Solar

RTU

Last one-mile

（radio：ZigBee)

Smart Meter

Smart Meter（AMR／ＤＳＭ）

EV Solar Cell

HA

Battery

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1.2 Current Activities of oversea countries

Country

Power company

Target by Smart Grid for

Power company

Reliability of network is not so good

due to separation of Generation /

transmission / Distribution and many

Distribution Company (more than

3000).

-High reliability by using Information

Communication Technology (ICT)

USA

DAS

-Improve non-technical loss

-New business by using interactive

communication

-International connection based on

every country’s network

-Acceleration of renewable energy

-Improve non-technical loss

EU

-Fluctuation of Power (Frequency)

due to Wind power of large capacitor

in Denmark/Netherlands

-Construction of Infrastructure for

Electric Vehicle

High reliability of Power network due -Countermeasure when a lot of

to SCADA, DAS and redundant

network

renewable energy will connect to

Distribution network

-Energy management for consumer

side

Japan

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1.2 Current Activities of oversea countries

Country

Power company

Plan for smart grid

-DAS has been operated in 6 areas in PEA

since 2004.

-DAS will be expanded to whole areas in

PEA by 2012. (In addition 7 areas)

-AMR has been operated in 30,000

customers in PEA.

-AMR will be expanded to 50,000

customers by 2012.

Thailand

-200MW of renewable energy has been

operated in PEA. (Biofuels: 60-70%, Solar:

5-10%, Wind power etc)

-DAS is under trial stage.

-AMR is also under trial stage.

-DAS will be applied to Ho Chi Minh city

by using Fiber Optic.

-Smart Grid including AMR / DR / Solar

will be applied to large city.

-Renewable energy will be increased up

to 5% by 2020.

-Solar power is installed in Quang Binh

province from 2010.

-Renewable energy (Wind /Solar /Biofuels

etc) is 3% of commercial electricity capacity.

Vietnam

India

-Indian government started to improve

Distribution loss and the reliability by

APDRP (10,000MUS$).

-DAS / AMR / GIS will be expanded to

large cities by using APDRP.

-Smart community city plan will be started

-DAS is under construction in Bangalore city. to apply for 4 cities as model projects.

This plan will be promoted by the support

of Japanese finance under construction of

high speed railway project.

-AMR and Pre-paid system have been

applied as model project.

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2.1 Distribution Automation system

(DAS)

including Auto Meter Reading

(AMR)

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Contents

1. Introduction of DAS

2. Advantages of DAS / DSM

3. Network System of DAS

• Overhead Network System

• Underground Network System

• Communication System

4. Distribution Automation SCADA System

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1. Introduction of DAS / DSM /

AMR

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What is DAS ?

• DAS improve reliability of Distribution power

utilities by reduction of outage duration.

- Automatic isolation of faulty section

- Quick Recovery for healthy sections

- Monitoring for distribution network in

real time

• DAS contribute to improve technical / non-

technical losses.

• DAS can connect to GIS (Giographic

Information System), AMR (Auto Meter

Reading) and DSM (Demand Side

Management).

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Contribution to Society

Reduction of outage by DAS will…

• Attract Manufacturing Companies by improving and

ensuring the quality and their productivity

• Avoid Social Panic, such as hospital outage and

traffic stoppage

• Decrease of CO2 by diesel

engine which is used during

outage

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Outage Time Around the World

(minute/year)

Figure. Average Outage Time per Customer

500

450

400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

462

Key Point

- Japanese DAS provides the shortest

outage time in the world

- Japan has over 35 years experience on

Distribution Automation

90

77

58

４

11

0

Example (without

DAS)

USA

UK

FRANCE

JAPAN

（TEPCO)

India: 5,000 minutes in Bangalore (2005), Indonesia: 1,055 minutes in 2009

Reference: USA - IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery Jan.1999, UK - Ofgerm report 1999/2000 Jan. 2000

FRANCE - EDF Annual Report 2000, JAPAN - the Federation of Electric Power Companies (FEPC) report 2001

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Japan’s Experience on DAS

Present Condition

1970

1980

1990

2000

Recloser System

Manual Switch

1972

Ｏ

Ｖ

Ｅ

Ｒ

Ｈ

Ｅ

Ａ

Ｄ

Aim of Project

Oil Switch Vacuum Switch(VS) / Air Switch(AS)

⇒

Simplify DAS

Automatic Switch (VS/AS/GS)

VS/AS

⇒

DAS

SCADA System using Communication line

Ｕ

Ｎ

Ｄ

Ｅ

Ｒ

Ｇ

Ｒ

Ｏ

Ｕ

Ｎ

Ｄ

Manual Underground Switch (5ways)

Oil switch VS / AS

⇒

Automatic Underground Switch based on DAS

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Bài giảng Green energy course syllabus - Chapter 7: Smart grid project - Nguyễn Hữu Phúc